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01. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장을 고르시오.

① For thousands of years sculpture has filled many roles in human life. The earliest sculpture was probably made to supply magical help to hunters.② After dawn of civilization, statues were used to represent gods. Ancient king, possibly in the hope of making themselves immortal, had likenesses carved, and portrait sculpture was born. ③ In the western world, there is a famous portrait by Leonardo da Vinci titled Mona Lisa. The Greeks made statues that depicted perfectly formed men and women. ④ Early Christians decorated churches with demons and devils, reminders of the presence of evil for the many churchgoers who could neither read nor write.

02. ​다음 중 지문의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?

 The Lca Stones first came to the attention of the scientific community in 1996 when Dr. Javier Cabrera, a local physician, received a small, carved rock for his birthday from a poor native. The carving on the rock looked ancient to Dr. Cabrera, but intrigued him because it seemed to depict a primitive fish. Hearing that the doctor was interested in the stone,local natives began to bring him more, which they collected from a river bank (not far from the famous Nazca lines). This soon developed into a vast collection of more than 15,000 stones, many etched with impossible scenes. Whereas it might be difficult to prove that the fish represented a long-extinct species. as Dr Cabrera thought, ohter scenes carved on other stones are not so ambiguous. They clearly depict such dinosaurs as triceratops, stegosaurus, apatosaurus and human figures riding on the backs of flying pterodactyls.

① Javier received a rock as his birthday present

② Javier became interested in the carving on the rock

③ many kind of dinosaurs were depicted on the Ica Stone

④ none of the carving on the Ica stone potrayed humans

03. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

 The reluctance of subordinates to provide feedback deprives leaders of one of the most important developmental resources available to them. Traditionally, the bosscommented on the performance of his empluyees; to this day managers tend to feel more comfortable when feedback, especially negative feedback, flows from the top down  rather than in the other direction. As it turns out, however, the appraisal by employees of their boss tends to be more accurate and a better predictor of long-term success than the appraisal by the boss of her subordinates. As Jack Welch, Bill George, Anita Roddick, and other successful leaders have often stated, facing reality is one of the pillars of successful individuals and successful campanies. When accurate information that is in the possession of employees does not reach the highter echelons, management loses out, as does the organization as a whole.

① importance of getting employees feedback

② building a reputation as a successful leader

​③ downside of giving negative feedback to employees

④ a typical relationship between a boss and subordinates

04. 다음 주어진 문장이 들갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

[If no one else looks puzzled, she will conclude that she is the only one in the room who didn't get the material.]

Let's stay that one of my students is confused about the class material I just covered and wants to ask me to clarify. ① Before raising her hand, she will likely look around to room to see if any of her fellow students seem confused or have their hand up as well. ② To avoid looking stupid, she may choose to keep her hand dwon and not ask me her question. ③ But as a teacher, I have discovered that if one student is unsure about the material, odds are most of the students are. ④ So in this situation, my class is suffering from pluralistic ignorance because each one assumes they are the only one confused, when in fact all the students are confused and all of them are incorrectly concluding that they are the only one.

05. 다음 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?(③④의 밑줄 확인 불가)

Phillip Toledano photographed the last days ① he thought be would have with his father, Toledano's mother died suddenly, and that event caused him to realize that his father's mental state was deteriorating;  ② he had no short-term memory, which made him continually forget  what had happened to his wife. Telling his father of the tragedy that had occurred proved too much, so he began protecting his dad from the truth. He wrote short stories about different moments that he and his father share and paired them with photographs. He titles it "Days With My Father." The result captures the beautiful relationship they had with one antoehr.

06. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 부분을 고르시오.

The emergency operations center is a place where accurate reports of conditions at the scene of the disaster ① are received, recorded and evaluated. Some reports ② received will be far from accurate. For example, when the source is an anonymous telephone call, but data supplied by the emergency forces ③ is likely to be trustworthy. Though semmingly conflicting reports may be received the discrepancies often can be explained by the fact ④ that the observers were witnessing the events from by different vantages points. 

07. Sometimes, fire precautions are ignored because people have ① their minds on other problems. In England, for example, people organizing a rugby game were afraid fans might sneak in without paying, so they locked and chained the gates once the game ② had started. They were also araid fans might riot and use anything heavy as a seapon, so they took away the fire extinguishers. When a ③ dropped cigarette started a small fire in garbage under the stands, there was no way to fight it and no way to get out, Fifty-six people ④ were died.

08. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Burn care aims to reduce pain, to provide physical protection, and to provide a(n) _______ environment for healing that minimizes the chances of scarring and infection.

① adverse          ② deficient          ③ favorable          ④ inadequate

09. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The owner of the property has the sole responsibility of ensuring that the property is equipped with a minium of one smoke detector and fire extinguisher. For properties with several floors, it is highly recommended to have these _______ on each floor.

① available          ② artificial          ③ attentive          ④ disposable

10. 밑줄 친 표현과 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

Danny can be quite blunt; he gives no consideration to others' feelings with his great candor.

① reluctant          ② hypothtical          ③ intelligent          ④ straightforward

11. 밑줄 친 표현과 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

In clear weather, a pilot could gauge a vessel's position in relation to landmarks and steer clear of reefs and hidden obstruction. Even in thick weather, a pilot navigating at law tide should be able to spot waves breaking against reefs and shoulders and steer a safe course.

① avoid          ② land on          ③ eliminate          ④ collide with

12. 다음 밑줄 친 단어와 유사한 것을 고르시오.

In the broadest sense, a "disaster" is a sudden and extremely unfortunate event that ① affects many people it could also be defined as a misfortune that reaches large ② proportions. The words catastrophe and calamity are often used as ③ antonyms for disaster. In the narrowest sense, "disaster" is a relative term, depending upon the number of casualities and the extent of ④ property damage, the length of time involved, and the capacity, size, and strength of forces available to cope with it.

13. 다음 글의 (A),(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

If we hear a word used in a new way in a new context, we can use our past experiences with the to make a guess about waht it means in the new context. If it is used enough in such contexts, it grows a new meaning along with its older ones. __(A)__, imagine that I say, "these flowers love the sun" or "The waves lovingly caressed the beach." We can readily figure out what these sentences mean based on analogies with our past we can say that "love" has a metaphorical meaning in these sentences. __(B)__, with words, it is often hard to know where literal meaning stops and metaphor begins. Are " I love pizza" or I even love m enemies" metaphors? What about "I love my cat"?

           (A)               (B)

① for examaple - however

② in contrast - therefore

③ moreover - as a result

④ instead - nevertheless

14. 다음 글의 (A),(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

No one knows the exact data forks made their first appearance in European society. What is known is that in the fourteenth century, etiquette, or the rules for polite behaviro, dectated that food be eaten with the fingers. References to forks begin to apper in letters and jorunals written in the fifteenth century. __(A)__, at this point, forks were used only to serve food, not to eat it. By the sixteenth century, there ar emany references to the use of forks at banquets and feasts. Writing in his diary in 1520. __(B)__, the silk merchant Jacques LeSaige marveled at the expensive silver forks used to cut meat in then homes of his wealthyu customers.

① still - in contrast

② still - for example

③ in other words - on the contrary

④ in other words - in au nutshell

15. 다음 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

A: Guess what! I'm going to San Francisco. Have you ever been there?

B: Yes, I've been there several times. There are many interesting places that you can visit, such as the golden gate

     bridge.

A: What about Fisherman's?

B: Oh, that's one of my favorites! There are lots of seafood restaurants. You can sit at for lunch. By the way, where are

     you going to stay?

A: I've booked a room at the pacific hotel.

B: _______________________________

A: Just three days.

B: Why don't you stay longer?

A: I plan to go to New York to seen an old friend.

B: I see.

① Why don't you visit your cousin living there?

② How many times have you been to America?

③ How long are you going to be there?

④ When will you come to Korea?

16. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Ideals of beauty in women may in some instances be closely related with the way of living as technologically determined. In cultures where technological control over food supply is slight and food is frequently scarce as a consequence, a fat woman is often regarded as beautiful. In cultures where food is abundant and women work little, obesity is likely to be regarded as unsightly. In some societies, a sunbrowned skin in women was a mark of the lower of peasants, for example, Ladies, on the other hand, took great pains to preserve a fair skin.

① Technology and health care

② Junk food and health food

③ Various sports in different cultures

④ Standards of beauty in different cultures

17. 주어진 글 다음 이어질 글의 순서로 알맞은 것은?

Each fype of built-in building fire protection system, when activated, requires support from the fire department. This support can come in various forms.

(A) It is not recommended that it be the responsibility of the fire department to palce these systems back in service after

      an activation.

(B) It may mean providing and supplementing the water supply to sprinkler or standpipe system or controlling the flow

      of wate from the activated heads, or it may mean conducting typical fire department operations, such as search for

      victimes and occupants, vetilation, and total extinguishment of the fire.

(C) However, the department should be as helpful as possible and ensure that the system is properly restored by a

      qualified person.

① (A)-(C)-(B)          ② (B)-(C)-(A)           ③ (C)-(A)-(B)           ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

18.다음 그의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Is there a cause effect realationship between television violence among today's young people? No, says the entertainment industry. Yes, says almost all of the research. The American Medical Aassoication, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of pediatrics, and the National Institute of Mental HEalth have all funded studies that linked violence on the screen with violence in real life. According to researcher LRowell Huesmann from the University of Michigan, letting children watch lots of television is like smoking. Both increase the potential for disaster. As Huesmann puts it, "just as every cigarette increses the chance that someday you will get lung cancer, every exposure to violence increases the chances that some day a child will behave more violently than he or she otherwise would.

① Television violence contribute to read world violence.

② Smoking should be banned from the television screen.

③ The entertainment industry has been developed by television.

④ Death rates from lung cancer are unrelated to smoking habits.

19. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

One of the linguistic technology of emotion is venting. Venting means talking about unpleasant emotions in order to make them go away. Unlike consolation and entertainment, which may be as old as language itself, ventin is a relatively recent invention. People have probably used language to 'get things off their chest' for thousands of years, but venting is more than just unburdening yourself of a troublesome thought. Ii is the use of language for the explicit purpose of getting rid of unpleasant emotions. The idea of venting was largely poineered by the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud, who argued that speaking about negative motions was sometimes the only way to be rid of them.

① ways to strengthen positive emotion

② the process of language development

③ difference of language use and emotion

④ venting as tool to get rid of negative emotion

20. 다음 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 알맞은 것은?

On a hot day, your body makes several adjustments to maintain its temperature.

(A) This sweat then cools the skin as it evaporates. But in order to do this extra work, your heat rate increases, as does

       your metabolic rate.

(B) This increased blood flow near the skin explains why some people look redder when they're feeling tho. In addition

      vasodilation, the body secretes sweet onto the skin.

(C) For instance, it dilates your blood vessels, a process known as vasodilation, which allows more blood to flow near

      the skin's surface. This allows warm blood to cool off, releasing heat as it travels near the skin.

① (A)-(C)-(B)          ② (B)-(A)-(C)          ③ (C)-(A)-(B)           ④ (C)-(B)-(A)

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